An antiemetic is a drug that is used against nausea and vomiting. It is mainly used to treat motion sickness. Motion sickness occurs when you are traveling in a vehicle and one part of your body organ (eye, ear or sensory nerves) feels body movement but the other does not. The kind of body discomfort may also happen if you are worried about having an attack if you have just eaten a big meal before traveling long distance if the air is stuffy or filled with fumes and so on.
Antiemetic treatment is also applied in case of side effects that happen because of general anaesthetics, opioid analgesics and chemotherapy. In case of severe cases of gastroenteritis if the patient is dehydrated than Antiemetic drug are used.
Causes of Nausea and vomiting
Nausea is a feeling of uneasiness of the stomach that comes before vomiting. Vomiting on the other hand refers to voluntary or involuntary emptying of stomach contents through the mouth. Vomiting and Nausea are not diseases but symptoms of many conditions such as:
Signs and Symptoms
Antiemetic symptoms are very difficult for people to describe. It can be related to uncomfortable feelings that are felt in upper abdomen, chest or back of the throat region. Nausea can also be associated with several signs and symptoms such as:
Preventive measures
There are several ways to prevent nausea and vomiting such as:
Myths and facts:
Diagnosis of disease
If the patient continues to feel nauseated and has vomiting tendencies than he should go for proper diagnosis.
While diagnosing nausea and vomiting, doctor may be interested to know about your medical history. After that laboratory tests and several other tests are conducted by your doctor to find out the root cause for vomiting and nausea.
Vomiting on a regular basis can indicate serious health problems such as intestinal obstruction, gall bladder inflammation, peptic ulcer disease complications from diabetes, acute hepatitis, acute gastroenteritis, cancer, meningitis, stomach flu and so on. The above conditions are also accompanied by fever and aches.
Treatment for Nausea and vomiting
In simple cases of vomiting, it will stop on its own after the contents of the stomach have been expelled. For older children and healthy adults simple cases of vomiting do not need further treatment. However, ever when vomiting is on a persistent basis treatment should be done.
Treatment of vomiting and nausea include:
Side effects of antiemetic medicines
Healthy adults usually do not experience any side effects after taking antiemetic medicine. However, the most common side effects include:
Important things to know
There are certain important things that you should know to combat nausea and vomiting:
Antiemetics are medications that prevent and treat nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness, chemotherapy, post-surgery, pregnancy (morning sickness), or gastroenteritis.
Ondansetron (Zofran) is a serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist highly effective for chemotherapy-induced and post-operative nausea and vomiting. It is one of the most prescribed antiemetics worldwide.
Yes. Ondansetron and granisetron are generally non-sedating. Metoclopramide may cause mild drowsiness. Promethazine is more sedating and better suited for nighttime use.
Some antiemetics like doxylamine combined with vitamin B6 are considered safe in pregnancy. Always consult your OB-GYN before taking any antiemetic during pregnancy.
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Drowsiness is common with antihistamine-based antiemetics (cyclizine, promethazine). Metoclopramide can cause restlessness or involuntary movements (dystonia), more common in young people. Ondansetron may cause mild headache or constipation. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent.
Ondansetron typically begins working within 30 minutes. Metoclopramide acts within 30–60 minutes when taken orally. Promethazine takes 20–30 minutes. For fastest relief during vomiting, dissolvable (ODT) or injectable formulations are preferred over standard tablets.
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